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Happy Easter!

Easter just around the corner and not only our children but many adults are already very eager to paint Easter eggs and Easter baskets to tinker. In Germany, Easter is traditionally celebrated with hidden Easter eggs, Easter bunnies, a Osterzopf, some places, the Easter fire and decorated Easter gardens - and it is next Pentecost and Christmas, the most important festival in the church year. Here you can find information about it.

The Easter Bunny

The rabbit is the animal of the love goddess Aphrodite, and the Germanic Earth Goddess Holda. He is not only a messenger of the gods, he is also - as the egg - a sign of life and fertility.

rabbits get very many boys in the spring, that is, they give life. Did people used the rabbit mothers with their young, they knew that winter was over.

In Byzantium was the bunny in animal imagery as a symbol of Christ.

Everyone knows him as the bearer of Easter eggs, according to which children search for the cheerfulness of the adults so eager. But not always the Easter Bunny hid the eggs. Only in the last century of the egg-laying bunny was totally unknown in some parts of Germany.

By 16 Century brought the Easter eggs of various animals. In some regions, came the fox and the cock, in others the stork, cuckoo, the crane or the grouse, to hide the Easter eggs.

The first evidence for the Easter bunny come from the year 1678 by Georg Franck, Franckenau, a medical professor from Heidelberg.

Why does the Easter Bunny the Easter eggs?

The rabbit comes in the spring also increased in search for food in the villages and gardens. And because of his behavior to be in the vicinity of people, he was probably sitting the eggs be sealed.

From old records from Zurich, the Easter Bunny is a bearer of the eggs produced as follows:

It is the sponsor of the custom was to invite children to hunt with them the Easter Bunny, that is, the hidden eggs in the garden looking for. The colorful eggs were thereby attributed to the Easter Bunny because he was much faster than the hens, and could not put this colorful eggs. This custom is thus more representative of the emergency declaration of adults towards children assign, as the Easter Bunny was more credible than the bearer of the eggs than the hens.

Thus came together probably in the course of time the Easter bunny and Easter eggs. Today, he brings in his Kiepe the colorfully painted eggs and sweets.

There is also speculation, the Easter Bunny was more by accident of Osterbote become. The attempt of the bakery, an Easter lamb made of dough to bake, have finally looked more like a bunny ...

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The date of Easter, a reference to the Easter Bunny. The festival is celebrated on the first Sunday of the spring full moon and the hare is the moon animal

It is also narrated that the Holy Thursday was a deadline for payment and interest rate debt. The creditor often pays with eggs and hares. Another Überliferung states that the debtor for payment of his debts is a free man who has been compared to a rabbit that is not chased by a dog is.

The Easter

Easter is the oldest and next Pentecost, it is the most important festival of Christendom. Its roots lie in the Jewish Passover (Passover) festival. The German word "Easter" derives from the Indo-European word for "dawn" from. The Easter season begins with the Os-terminal ends tomorrow and 50 days later with Pentecost.

until 3 Century, Easter was celebrated as a holiday, in 3rd Century, then the week before Holy Week, as preparation reitungszeit- for Lent, in the 4th Century introduced the "three holy days" of Holy Thursday evening to Easter Sunday morning as the climax of the liturgical year.

The 1 Council of Nicaea determined that Easter Sunday on the first Sunday after the first Full Moon is celebrated after the equinox. It follows that the Easter Sunday after the current Gregorian calendar in the West earlier than 22 March latest, on 25-possible April is taking place. The Orthodox churches calculate Easter under the Julian calendar (=> Calendar Resources), the Gregorian against our back now lags by 13 days. According to the Orthodox Easter tradition may also not be celebrated before or together with the Jewish Passover. Therefore, Orthodox and Western churches celebrate Easter on different Sundays, usually.

is a traditional Orthodox and Catholic churches, increasingly, in Protestant, celebrated the Easter Vigil . The liturgy of the Easter Vigil is traditionally divided into four parts: The

light celebration, in addition to the "Hallelujah" ring of light as the most important component. Most participants will receive the service already at the church entrance a candle is then lit from the "Easter Candle". Occasionally, even a real "Easter" kindled. Such fires have already been practiced in pagan times: you tried to fire this spring, the sun magically pull on the earth. The first Christian Easter, it was around 750 in France, since 11 Century, they are common in Germany. Even flames wheels let you roll down hills. Today, the Easter candle is central to the Easter Vigil. The first mention of an Easter candle 384 in Piacenca in a letter from Jerome. Not later than 417 used They Pope Zosimus in Rome. In the 10th Century, established the paschal candle and they burn throughout the Easter period until Pentecost. Thereafter, the candle placed next to the baptismal font and burns at baptisms.

baptism or Tauferneuerung : The 4th Century, the Easter Vigil, the great Taufnacht the church, was built by the connection of Easter and baptism. In the Catholic church, the priest consecrates the water of baptism on Easter night for the whole year. The believers take the holy water home with them, these should be at home as well as protect their homes from disaster.

The Eucharist: Eucharist - from Greek ευχαριστειν, "you say - makes present the salvific death of Jesus Christ. The Roman Catholic, the Orthodox and the Anglican Church the celebration of the meal after first call Cor 11, 24 Eucharist, the Protestant churches speak of "Last Supper" after Mark 14, 17 and 1 Corinthians 11, 23 - (Supper) as a celebration of certainty the presence of the Risen Christ.

A partial indulgence is granted to that creditor-lived, of his Taufver-law-chen after a designated formula renewed; this happens during the celebration of the anniversary of the baptism Qsternacht or so, a plenary indulgence can be obtained.

The lamb - or a young goat - is a symbol of vulnerability to wild animals, the surgeons, and the butcher, it is the classic animal sacrifice in the Old Testament. Even Jesus Christ is called the Lamb, "Behold the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world" (Gospel of John 1, 29). In Christian antiquity put one lamb at the altar. It was consecrated and consumed at the resurrection as the first meal. In the 12th

Century were first ordained proven eggs. Eggs have always been considered a symbol of fertility and in the Middle Ages they were important as currency. They were the symbol of the resurrection of Christ, because his resurrection from the grave hatching of the chicks was compared from the shell. Besides eggs soon, ham, milk products and bread were brought to the consecration. They wanted to end the long fasting period with the consumption of consecrated food worthy. In the 13th

First century painted Easter eggs be mentioned. After the fasting rules of the consumption of eggs was forbidden during Holy Week, the hens laid still, the eggs were stored, on Easter morning was then of egg consumption is particularly high. It was decided to collect this "Holy Week eggs" to paint and leave to dedicate to distinguish them from ordinary eggs. A coloring of the eggs is covered in 1615 by a master craftsman in Strasbourg, the elaborate decoration of eggs was most common in Eastern Europe.

Protestant families developed in the 17th Century, the Easter Bunny as egg suppliers, first mentioned in 1680 in Alsace by physician Georg Franck von Frankenau. He should paint hiding the eggs and place. Thus the Protestants wanted to distance themselves from the Catholics, whose customs Fast eggs and they refused ordination. The Easter bunny is a symbol of Easter and new life because of its fertility - especially in the spring - and because he sleeps with his eyes open. Even the cock brought in some places the eggs in Switzerland, the cuckoo, in Westphalia, the fox, the stork in Thuringia. in Ansbach, Bavaria in 1757 was supposed to be a egg-laying rabbit caught and written about it purely protocol. Only in the 19th Century could be the Easter Bunny prevail everywhere.

From Poland comes the custom of blessing food . On Holy Saturday, or at the end of the Easter Vigil celebration be blessed in Catholic and some Orthodox churches, food, the faithful have brought in baskets and are then eaten for breakfast on Easter Sunday in the family.

Bauernregeln: . "Easter brings rain meager fare, / Easter sun, fat and plentiful"
. "If it rains on Easter and on the wings, / so it rains every Sunday to Pentecost"
"If & rsquo ;.'s Easter rains, the earth all summer thirsty "
" The wind, which ruled from Easter to Pentecost, / in the whole year lost little "
" If. .. Easter falls on Georgi / expects great sorrow the world "
" Easter in March promises to be a good bread year "is

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With the political history is no different than that of an individual: You forget, displacing what the self-image trouble , rt, and then must make the experience that the repressed returns. Remembering, repeating, working through would be the proposal of psychoanalysis in order to take the place of supplanting the sometimes painful adoption of the action. Actually, we are stuck in remembering the shame and guilt defiant state which have described the Mitscherlich in the sixties. Not even remembering always succeed. It shows when it is touched on taboos, as in the Wehrmacht exhibition, the first version in Berlin provoked outrage. With the growing distance in time, the subjective memory will be replaced by the politics of memory, which is in the best case, the question of guilt themselves last and it has a shame culture. This is possible only if the propensity for conflict displacement is counteracted by continuous education. become

Since then, Berlin is the capital, to federal politics and city policies are consistent with reasonably. That would be difficult even without the historical burden of Berlin. State and city to work under different principles of order. Civil cities, especially the free cities were, for centuries, in competition with the residential towns. In the 19th Century, the nationalist bourgeoisie indeed, but highly ambivalent towards the state. Berlin was both citizens and city of residence. But even in the second half of the 19th Century the wealthy bourgeoisie began to settle in the west side of the Tiergarten. The male-hostile city in the twenties, which was taken over by the Nazis found their object of hate in Berlin. Therefore, Speer radically reshape the city. Fortunately he has not succeeded very much, but the artifacts of National Socialism are ubiquitous. Who is responsible for them?

days in Rome or Paris and reside in the governments of historic buildings that are part of the city's history in which they all had differnet functions. This local history is open, contradictory, and older than those regimes that attach themselves in the cities. The Elysee Palace was originally owned by a Madame de Pompadour, our ministries are located in Nazi buildings or newly built. For example, the Defense Ministry in the Bendlerblock his Berlin office. And as if the memory of the resistance, the weight is a support needs to be worn permanently, has been erected on the back of the building a monument to the dead soldiers of the Federal Republic of Germany - Although the Federal Republic was officially been involved in any act of war.

How important to the sense of continuity are buildings that have a history, one can see the Reichstag. No trace of beauty. But the Reichstag building is perhaps the only old government building, for its history, nobody should be ashamed. Built as the Reichstag and under Kaiser Wilhelm I, all the major Democrats have until 1933 there had their stage. The Reichstag arsonist, who he was, had more sense of symbolic politics, as he probably knew. After the fire, the Nazis no longer enter the building. It survived the war severely damaged. Since it became part of West Berlin, it was spared the Communist usurpation.

A reunified Germany has made the revitalization of the Reichstag, whose history of his own. The only way to understand the somewhat hasty with the "Berlin Republic", which suggests a connection to the Weimar Republic, which is meaningless. A similar name is magic in the case of the Reichstag. Originally a job title is "diet" has become a proper name, with the Berlin adorns itself. He is the only building that connects the state with the city. The ugly monster has become a major tourist attraction. Christo and Jeanne-Claude in the seventies submitted their project to the wrapping of the Bonn Parliament, the rejection was great. The two did not give up. The agreement finally came after the German-German unification before the Reichstag was restored to its former function as a parliament. Horst Bredekamp suggested for this change of mood psychological reasons. For the unconscious, it suggests its interpretation, is the ruined face of German history has been covered and appeared after the unveiling as purified. Although a work of art that you could only watch from a distance, Christo and Jeanne-Claude have succeeded in, put thousands and thousands of so in awe that they felt like a new person. No one would have wondered it if would have been out of the pupation a disguise, and the Diet easily emerged as the Roman Capitol, the unveiling.

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TWO TOWERS PLUS ONE

Our tour of Berlin on 12 August 2009 started at the TV tower. evaluate on the pitch at St Mary's Church, where I float up before we with the lift, an angel with wings, swan, tramp occupy discrete banks and engage in their bags and pockets for bottles. I wave back to Hackney: the channel early in the morning, the drinkers in their places, the brisk walkers, all in black, conceived in intensive talks in German. While our artist alienated from occupied pull storage lofts to Berlin, where it is cheaper and more interesting to retaliate young German. Journalists, architects, photographers. One of them pulled me at a bus stop in the Kingsland High Street in a conversation. She sought the famous lesbian district of Hackney, the bars and cafes with the performance artists, of which she had read so much. The spike of the mosque was further south, like a faint echo of the television tower.

Today is the rotating restaurant for a wedding in white closed. The snake, in which we had been standing, and the complicated procedure Ticket remember the former East Berlin. But the panorama of the city, the angel vision, which had Wim Wenders uses, allows us an adjustment and that we look at the road on which we want to go far in the west, the Olympic Stadium, before. Most impressive is the Karl-Marx-Allee: relentless geometry is vegetation patches - a formal alphabet of high-rise developments.

As we glide down to Alexanderplatz, he is not there. We are in a different offset east, East London and Essex: Barking, Dagenham, Romford. A desolate square with poorly designed architectural intervention, a railway station and a selection of little more inviting cafes. Confused tourists cut into solid cakes, gurgling coffee substitute. My wife makes a remark about missing dogs and cats. We are in the wrong place, I tell her. Here the dogs are all eaten already. At dinner with the editor, who ordered my Berlin-piece, I learned that there was in the suburbs a lot of dogs. Rather, it was a city of foxes that lived in the cellars of abandoned buildings. The marten, which is home on automobiles and chewing on cables. Even wolves would slowly get closer to the city.

A man I met in Manchester, where I need travel by a city, described to me is as unknown as Berlin, revealed to me that he had begun his own project on Alexanderplatz. He followed the railway line on foot to the Polish border. No photos, many drawings. For a possible graphic novel. "Have you read Doblin? I asked. "Never heard of. . It was just a convenient stop "

The first traces of the World Athletics Championships were displayed in the window of a department store: bloodless albino characters Cheap versions of Leni Riefenstahl's Aryan masters, dressed in matching colors of their nations. The Netherlands, Australia, Korea. Sculptures, white like lard: meatless, muscles steeled to the exercise equipment that could be seen at the gym in the basement of the TV tower. Behind the model is reflected in clouds clouds the blocks of the place. A city in flames. My local informant said that the authorities are nervous just before the elections. Because of the serious participation of Germany in the high-tech aspects of the Afghanistan mission, the people recalled the attacks in Madrid. It was to arrests come, newcomers and native German, in a house in the country.

Unter den Linden us away then, as you would expect from the street, towards the Brandenburg Gate. A refreshing rain cools us. There are to be incorporated so much that it is almost as if we did not go. We are at an airport roll band, a moving sidewalk that takes us through places of approved memory. Isherwood remembers an incident shortly before he left Berlin, as "a group of SA men inflated" chatting and laughing blocked the free passage on this avenue. Continuous were forced to detour through the gutter. The English author studies in the knowledge that a key period of his life is over, the reflections of the public buildings in the windows of elegant shops. He looks "with mournful strength" , as if to impress upon these images in his memory, take them. And build up as fiction again.

The Brandenburg Gate, which was what his view of identity cards promised - namely, that there was finally broken through the wall - is a barrier of another kind: street artists, spontaneous music groups, a horde of tourists. A person who does not know Fritz Lang's early work is probably, in my way. He is dressed as a storm trooper from Star Wars . The franchise is inevitable. A tapsender Bear takes off his head and ask a green-faced vampire soldiers for a cigarette. Looks like one of the dead returning from the battlefield of World War II. Or, as an oxidized military statue, which came down from her pedestal. The smoking bear reminds me of a card from the Film Museum , Brigitte Helm in Metropolis in their on-the-Star-Wars robot outfit shows how hands her a straw, so they can drink from the glass that she holds out a woman in a white coat. While an assistant with a hair dryer to accept their sweat.

On the north side of the avenue promoting the dignified American icon Gary Cooper, Twelve Clock directly from noon for solidarity. "Yup." triumphs The sheriff, before returning his star. Exiled Hollywood leftists such as Carl Foreman distort the Western mythology. And here are themselves distorted. Coop is upright to a limit which is no more. Pedestrians and cyclists like himself is forbidden to walk through the gate or to ride. We have to turn left, make a detour through the park. Why we feel right at home. The effects of a major project, as experienced in London, showing as closure of roads, security barriers to cross public roads, blocked railway stations.

guides want to pull in the group that seeks the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Peter Eisenman's maze of memories - from a garden sharp gray pillars. But we run into a crocodile from older, Poncho supporting cyclists to push their bikes through the obedient allowed entrance to the park. My editor told me

when you go deeper into the zoo, you meet people again and again, recalling Beckett's characters: tramps with bundles, with drinkers irrem views, humorous discontent. Because he could, I thought, even Beckett himself met his spirit - not the famous playwright struck by lightning, which has come back to oversee a sparse production, but the young, unknown wanderer, the philosophers of loneliness. At the beginning his career, 1936 was, Beckett the sails, hoped to visit relatives in Germany to question painting and close contact with artists. "How will Germany be?" he wrote in his diary. "Six months passed around." alone in his hut, he read Céline's Death on . The perfect choice for an unknown city: Elan, delirium and derangement, which he compared his rest, his stop was to put his exhaustion. The young Beckett caught in a Berlin that was not an island, walked for hours in the Zoo around. It still retains the pattern of his footsteps in the sand trails. The grinding his teeth.

The street of the 17th June, when we must again on aspects of the Mall from Admiralty Arch to Buckingham Palace, but also of the Phoenix Park in Dublin. Monuments shine again and again by the well maintained urban green shade. Wars in stone or bronze. Victory Column. Figures dark destiny. I'm impressed by the park workers: how clean they align their tools as they work hard, sweep paths, trees, trim, water plants. When I stop to make a lime green Caravan photographed with the logo of a sharpened cleaver and word "carnivore" to , two cyclists go past me so close that I feel the air flow. "Kinski! Klaus Kinski " cries the one.

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