Raynaud's Syndrome And Bruising

Bal

Semih Bal Kaplanoğlus closes the Yusuf Trilogy from the Turkish director. He formed a deep, quiescent center of the Berlinale competition and won the Golden Bear 2010th

The first shot lasts beaten five minutes. The camera is motionless in the woods, listening to the sounds excited at some point, something in the thicket. A man leads a donkey from the background into the foreground, which itself takes quite a while. Then he throws with a skilful swing a rope over a branch located outside of the framing and zurrt tight. When at last comes the editing, it is quite dramatic: The man climbs, the road begins to break, the man - now the camera moves closer and looks at it from above - is helpless in the air. Then follows a section, and the scene is over.

A typical Semih-Kaplanoğlu-Prolog, very akin to the previous film Süt (2008), which recently ran in Germany at the movies. There was also a very long shot at the beginning, in a tree and a rope played a role, and hung a person on the rope. And there was a snake, which appeared in various parts of the film telling-mysterious again.

reptiles are not in the new movie that is loaded much less symbolic. Above all, the prologue is not as monolithic in itself, but is given back later in his place and his time in the story: He goes after the story about the death of the father of the man who in Yumurta (2007) and Süt , the first two parts of Kaplanoğlus Yusuf trilogy, was absent.

This trilogy is in reverse chronology of the artistic maturation of a poet in the rural, traditional environment of Anatolia. Was in part one initially treated Yusuf's adult life and then in part two of his youth, it is now in Bal for the six year old child. Of an appeal to the poet in this film is not much to remember: In the school makes reading the boy (Bora Altas) associated Difficulties. His poetic vein is expressed in a more intimate relationship with nature, and in its isolation, which can sometimes be the mother of a loss. Yusuf is very much connected to his father and accompanied him at work in the forest, the Kaplanoğlu with the camera captures beautiful images like a fairy tale landscape. A small camera ride along wild flowers. A deer that suddenly shot through Yusuf's shoulder, stands in a clearing - and we are really happy about it. The moon, reflected in a bucket of water will disappear, as your hands into the water, and then reappears. Like a recurring dream.

finds the same time, all but instead a very real place. In the place that is where the father earns the money. It depends hives at particularly high trees. These sequences are more ethnographic than poetic. The steps for extraction are shown very different-looking unknown equipment and later in some detail a traditional dance. Kaplanoğlu, whose own father came from this region of Anatolia, captures it all with almost conservation interest, because of course this world is in modern Turkey doomed. In Yusuf's life further, we already know, but he does not get there, the modern collection, with high-rises and changes in social structures.

Bal (dt: "honey" ; English-language title Honey Festival) directed by Semih Kaplanoğlu, writer: Orçun Köksal, Semih Kaplanoğlu, Cast: Bora Altas: Yusuf, Erdal Beşikç ioğlu: Yakup, Tülin Özen: Zehra

pure vision: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npZ8Eqc-qMY

Hcg Oriental Salad Dressing

The 60th International Film Festival in Berlin

Turkish film "Bal" wins Golden Bear

The Turkish film "Bal" a small boy and his father is the winner the 60th Berlinale. Roman Polanski won the Silver Bear for best director for "Ghost Writer".

It was a "very significant results', jury president Werner Herzog: Bal ( honey ) of the Turkish Director Semih Kaplanoglu is the best film of the 60th Berlinale. The story of a little boy and his father, a beekeeper, won the Golden Bear.

The Silver Bear for best director went to Roman Polanski for his film The Ghost Writer . The French-German-British co-production deals with the former British prime minister Adam Lang (Pierce Brosnan), who wants to publish his memoirs. His ghost writer (Ewan McGregor) feels that he has assumed a dangerous job, as long accused is before the International Court in The Hague because he suspected terrorists is said to have delivered to the CIA.

Producers Robert Benmussa and Alain Sarde took the award on behalf of Polanski. Sarde said he had spoken with the director, who is currently in Switzerland, under house arrest. "Polanski said," Even if I could, I would not come, because last time I went to a festival, I was arrested. "Polanski was the end of September 2009 on the way to Zurich richer Film Festival has been arrested. The reason was an existing warrant of arrest since 1978 by U.S. authorities against Polanski, who have raped more than 30 years in California, a 13-year-old should.

The Grand Jury Prize, also a Silver Bear, presented the actress and jury assessor Renée Zellweger Romanian Florin Serban, director for his film debut If I want to whistle I whistle . The drama about a juvenile offender who takes an extreme decision to allow his younger brother a better life, was also still won the Alfred Bauer Prize. This prize is awarded in memory of the founder of the Berlin Film Festival for a feature film, the horizons of film art opened. The 35-year-old director said he dedicated his film to the children, their mothers have never met. "

winner of the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlinale: the Turkish director Semih Kaplanoglu

Best actress was awarded Japan's Shinobu Terajima for her role as wife of a crippled Kriegsveteranan in the film Caterpillar . The director Koji Wakamatsu took the award on behalf of his leading lady who could not even come to Berlin.

The Silver Bear for best actor was awarded this year to two, to the two protagonists of the Russian movie How I Ended This Summer , Grigori Dobrygin and Sergei Puskepalis. They play two men working together on a polar station in the Arctic Ocean.

How I Ended This Summer was also honored with another Silver Bear for outstanding artistic achievement of the cameraman. On behalf of Pavel Kostomarov took the director Alexei Popogrebsky accepted the award.

The Silver Bear for best screenplay went to the opening film Apart Together Chinese director Wang Quan'an, who also wrote the screenplay. The filmmaker, who had three years ago, the Golden Bear for Tuya's Wedding won told in Apart Together by a couple that was due to the separation of China and Taiwan separated from each other for decades and in age finds. Wang dedicated the film in the city of Berlin: "I wanted to capture in my film a century, a country that is separated, people who are separated," he said at the awards ceremony.

The € 55,000 prize at the highest prize at the Berlinale went to the Best First Film: The Swedish youth drama Sebbe the director Babak Najafi. The film, which ran in the Berlin Youth "Generation", deals with the problems of a 14-year-old boy in a bleak Swedish suburbs.

26 films took part in this year's Berlinale Competition. Overall, at the 10-day film festival nearly 400 productions to be seen from many countries.

http://www.berlinale.de/en/HomePage.html

http:// www.daummer.com

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Carnival, Carnival and Carnival

From 11 - 17 February is going on in Germany, the fools and the clowns! In the carnival strongholds start the festive parades and the Mardi Gras parties. Hundreds of thousands will turn into next week, the streets in colorful festive miles. In all kindergartens and schools celebrate the Children's Carnival in homemade costumes, and most parents send their children out of every year as colorful carnival parties. On the streets there for almost a week and a party atmosphere with plenty of politics gets firmer and ironic criticism tidy their fat away! On 11 February begins with the spectacle of the Women's Carnival, 15 February Rosenenmontag, 16 Shrove Tuesday and then the end is near the 17 February, Ash Wednesday. Also, if I do not belong to the hardcore fans of the carnival, here's all the background information for our lessons in geography. The fall carnival traditions in the regions of Germany are very variable. The most famous is of course the Cologne carnival. Berlin celebrates rather a carnival of cultures. In the south, older, more traditional customs have been preserved. Recommended, in my view: The Alemannic carnival. It takes place in the South Germany, Switzerland and parts of Austria. Berlin is not too bad. Check's in! In this sense, "Karneval" and "Alaaf" all readers!

as Carnival, Fastnacht or Fasching (also fifth season ) refers to various customs to celebrate the period before Ash Wednesday in high spirits, gaiety and exuberant vitality. These customs have developed in the many carnivals, carnival and carnival strongholds with specific characteristics. Originated have the tradition in a Christianized form of pagan Winteraustreibung, correlated with the Christian Lent originated. Other important factors are the folly, local patriotism and the mockery of the French occupation in the early 19th Century.

The beginning of the carnival time was or is in the German-speaking countries traditionally the Epiphany.

Since 19 Century in many areas in addition on 11 November, from 11:11 clock instead of individual events, including, in particular the idea of the prince and princess. The reason is that the Nativity of Christ already well shortly after its fixation in the year 354 which provided for a previous 40-day period of fasting, before the commencement of one - as before Mardi Gras - also used to devour the meat later banned stocks (goose dinner on 11 November, the St. Martin's).

The time of 12 November to 5 January, however, remains even in the strongholds along the Rhine remains largely free carnival, which is explained by the aforementioned pre-Christmas season of Lent, the role of November as mourning month and the contemplative nature of the Advent. As far as on a "forward movement" of the carnival begins or an "open season" 11 November is spoken, this is therefore at least misleading. From its origins manufactures the 11th November but a second, "small" carnival represents, namely a 1823 by the Organising Committee "certain date in Cologne, the foolish to the start of preparations for a regular from now on parade.

The highlight of the carnival in the actual carnival week of term Schmotz / or nonsensical glombiga Thursday (from Schmotz = Schmalz, indicating fried in lard Carnival fritters) or Women's Carnival of the cloves Saturday, Sunday tulips, rose Monday to Shrove Tuesday, also called Shrove Tuesday. It is particularly appropriate on Rose Monday parades - whereby Rosen not originally on the flower, but on the verb race related. According to other interpretations of the Rose Monday owes its name to the fourth Sunday of Lent, the Rose Sunday.

The biggest parades take place in the carnival strongholds: Cologne, Mainz, Dusseldorf, Mönchengladbach, Aachen, Eschweiler, Euskirchen, Erkelenz, Bonn, Koblenz, Krefeld, Duisburg and Dülken . But further south, such as in Frankfurt am Main (Carnival Sunday), Aschaffenburg (Carnival Sunday), Mannheim (Carnival Sunday) Wombach (Carnival Sunday) Würzburg, Karlstadt / Main (both Carnival Sunday) and Karlsruhe (Shrove Tuesday), there are large e parades with hundreds of thousands of visitors. As the largest parade in Northern Germany, the traditional Schoduvel in Braunschweig on Carnival Sunday and the carnival parade in Berlin is known.

In the districts, towns and villages around these strongholds around, there are parades on Saturday (clove Saturday) Sunday (orchids or tulips Sunday) and Tuesday (Fat Tuesday). In Duisburg-Hamborn takes place on Carnival Sunday for decades the largest children's carnival in Europe.

On the night of Wednesday at the stroke of midnight end of the carnival and there are many places the tradition that the carnival that night in a straw doll, called Nubbel as responsible for all the vices of the carnival days, mainly because burn the money spent. In Dusseldorf and the Lower Rhine cities such as Krefeld, Duisburg, Moenchengladbach, Kleve and Wesel the so-called Hoppeditz is laid to rest. This was originally a typical Lower Rhine jester figure. This knave or fool had similarity with Till Eulenspiegel and the medieval court jester. It is reported that in the 18 and 19 Century on the Lower Rhine, the little people was a custom fitted, at night on Ash Wednesday with poles on which hung sausages to run through the streets and sing funny songs.

is the end of Carnival, Ash Wednesday. His appointment is the extent directly related to the position of Easter:

325 was adopted at the Council of Nicaea the date of Easter on the first Sunday after the first spring full moon. To 600 Pope Gregory the Great put a 40-day fast before Easter set, which commemorates the time, the Jesus Christ spent in the desert. Under this scheme, Lent began on Tuesday after the 6th Sunday before Easter ( Invocavit or Dominicia Quadragesima , in German also Funkensonntag ).

The Council of Benevento in 1091, the six Sundays before Easter, were exempted from fasting. Moves them to the beginning of Lent, six days ahead of today's Ash Wednesday.

Until the 16th Century there were two carnival events, the old "Burefasnacht" (Bauer Carnival) and the new "men's" or "Pfaff Carnival" competing side by side. Especially in the Baden region and in Switzerland, many customs have received the old carnival. The best known of them is certainly the Basler Fasnacht. This begins on the Monday after Ash Wednesday at 4:00 with the clock Morgestraich and ends on the following Thursday morning, also at 4:00 clock. From this context is also explained that the appointment of the Protestant Basler Fasnacht - as is often written - not to the Reformation itself but to the above incident.

the ortho-dox room full fasting will begin on Monday after the 7th Sunday before Easter, and one week before the meat begins waiver. The Russian "Butter Week" is celebrated in the traditional and large quantities of blini, a sort of Pan-cake is eaten, and in between, other Eastern European countries have similar customs. Since the Eastern Easter is often later than the Western - based on the Western calendar reform, also shifts the carnival.

Some Belgian East Belgium celebrate the carnival climax with a mid-Lenten parade (mostly Laetare). It is known especially the great train of white Monks (Blanc Moussis) in Stavelot, to be held since 1449th This tradition is called the mid-Lent.

The carnival takes place almost exclusively in Catholic rather than in a modified form in Orthodox areas. This is certainly connected not only with Lent, but as with the former more predominant Catholicism of life. Exception is probably the most famous Basler Fasnacht. Strongholds are therefore in Germany, the Rhineland, Rhine-Hesse, South Hessen, Münsterland, the Lausitz, Franken (mainly in the Würzburg region) and Baden-Württemberg (Swabian-Alemannic Carnival), Luxembourg Diekirch, Echternach Remich and, as well as in Switzerland Basel and Lucerne, the Netherlands (in the provinces of Limburg and North Brabant), Belgium in particular the German-speaking eastern Belgium. Occasionally, the tradition exists in the rural areas in Flanders. Famous also is the Venice Carnival and the Mardi Gras in New Orleans. The carnival is also common in Rijeka (Croatia) and South America, especially the Rio Carnival in Brazil, the carnival in Oruro in Bolivia and the Carnival of Barranquilla in Colombia are well known.

With the Reformation in the 16th Century, disappeared in the predominantly Protestant areas with the Ash Wednesday and the carnival. A Exception was Basel, where the carnival was never abolished permanently (see above carnival date and Basler Fasnacht). Only in the late 20th Century was in many Protestant cities again celebrated a carnival.

The Carnivals

meaningful and thus the most important instrument is the carnival parade, as mentioned in Basel and elsewhere often " Cortège" , a parade of various disguised / masked figures in the city. He is one of the highlights of the street carnival and one of the earliest known manifestations of Carnival. Thematically, the elaborately worked out in detail and decorated floats make their costumes along with the traveling carnival revelers the ultimate means of expression to expression of their operators. Most ironic - but basically true - they reflect on the reality pointed out the eyes of the designer and often the general opinion of the population objected to a variety of topics from politics and society, and they of course serve Of course the amusement and the Friends of missed celebrating spectators.

Nationally known in Germany before all of the Cologne Carnival (the largest in Germany), the Mainz Carnival (second largest) and the Düsseldorf carnival (up to 2005's third-largest train). Third largest since 2006, the Eschweiler Carnival. The Carnival procession takes place depending on the town on carnival Saturday or Sunday, Monday or Tuesday of Carnival. In many cities there are in addition to the big move even children or neighborhood parades that take place on another day.

wore the carnival parades in the Rhineland in the early 19th Century clearly military parody features. The moves were inspired but also to the historical rulers receptions and were full of allusions to the period before the inclusion of the Rhineland as Prussian Rhine Province in the Congress of Vienna (see, for example Cologne triumvirate). They served not only for entertainment, but offered the middle class, a medium for self-dramatization.

From 1830 the themes of the trains have become increasingly political. Liberal ideas spread inspired by the French July Revolution and the trains have been increasingly used for political satire. With the failure of Revolution of 1848 turned many of the "carnival of political opportunity" again from the hard, political issues remained until today as an important component in the streets. In the second half of the 19th Century, the trains under the influence of the strained relationship between Prussia and France increasingly patriotic. The Prussian victory in 1871 and the Empire established a distinctly nationalist sentiment in the carnival events around the turn of the 20th Century, which lasted until the outbreak of World War II.

Today there is a train from delegations of the carnival associations of floats Bands, dance groups and often from so-called floats. The latter are often events and people of the past year in satirically interpreted form dar.

Regional Customs

The Cologne Carnival

best known is the Cologne Carnival . The session of the Rhine folk festival begins on the eleventh to the Eleventh Elf Elf Clock. Until Monday, it rose gradually increases: by the quiet Christmas period from New Year begins the phase of the session Carnival (men's, women's, costume and ceremonial meetings). Women's Carnival at Elf Elf Clock opened the street carnival. From that date, the city is in a state of emergency, in the pubs and on the street is celebrated every effort. The official height of the Cologne Carnival (Cologne Fasteleer ") is the Rose Monday Carnival procession takes place. In addition, many clubs organize meetings and carnival balls with appearances by laid paper speakers, dance and music groups. In contrast to the meeting place of the carnival street carnival held largely unorganized in the pubs and streets of Cologne during the last week of between Women's Carnival and Ash Wednesday. Identification of the Rhine and most of Cologne's carnival is the interaction between 'actors' on stage and wagon and 'viewers' by the line between performance and reception is largely offset the benefit of a continuous interaction - all players, no one is a spectator. The typical Narrenruf is "Kölle Alaaf". It means' Long live Cologne! ", Was originally a toast, and since the 19th Century the Cologne Narrenruf.

driving force behind the Fasteleer are Fastelovend revelers Who throw themselves on the great days into the fray. Coordinating force behind the official program is the Cologne Carnival Cologne Carnival Festival Committee as an organizational merger of the Cologne carnival societies. These traditional clubs provide the Cologne trio and a good portion of participants in the official carnival parades. The recording conditions are very severe, including one needs two member companies as a guarantor.

find on Carnival Sunday, the Cologne Schull-un Veedelszöch instead. The best foot and car groups Veedel be awarded this and may participate in the Carnival. Besides organizing many Veedel between Carnival Saturday and Mardi Gras parades own. Although they enjoy more local attention, but are no less costly in the preparation. At the top here are the fields and the honor Nippeser Zoch, both with 300,000 each to spectators. About fifty states during the crazy days somewhere in the city of Cologne: "D'Kütt r Zoch"

addition to the official Mardi Gras is also an alternative has been established. Since In 1984 there is the stink session that was created as a student to the official Mardi Gras, and today is a mixture of typical Cologne Carnival and political cabaret with comedy elements and because of the rapidly rising demand for tickets almost comparable works a little musical production.

also outside the official rules, the nightly ghost has formed. This alternative parade had been called into being after 1991, the official Carnival in response to the second Gulf war, had been canceled and since then each held on Carnival Saturday.

The costumes

impressed Each year, the colorful costume diversity of the Cologne carnival. The Cologne make a point not to buy costumes off the rack, but her disguise himself to make. This does by no means less perfection in the processing, rather the reverse. The highest percentage can still clowns of all species recorded for themselves. Tradition, especially the rag clown, whose robe with individual pieces of cloth is sewn. Since this requires in the age of sewing a lot of time and work, a cloth costume is something that draws you for life. Among other perennial favorites such as pirates or cowboys like to be current events events with the costumes or put a bead, there was, for example, in one year en masse to see grouse in all variants on the streets.

The "Bützchen"

often hear the expression Bütz or gebützt be . These small, with pursed lips generously distributed kiss anyone gotten, who has thrown himself into the fray. You should only exceptionally and in everyone's consent as a sexual provocation be interpreted, as part of the Kölsch carnival tradition but they are not serious. There

kölsche The carnival music

Explicit carnival music is not really in Cologne. The musical repertoire that includes popular songs and old popular songs (such as the faithful hussar ) is also a lot quieter sounds to be played and sung throughout the year, the music is part of urban culture. Between Women's Carnival and Ash Wednesday is usually played in the pubs of "party strength" of the more than 20,000 songs being taken as the rule of thumb: the closer a pub on the Old Town (the higher the tourist / Foreign share of the audience is), the greater will be the traditional songs with German pop songs, ski lodges and binge-mixed songs. In the economies of Veedel you hear the other hand, more often swaying slightly quieter sounds, and more-able. In Zoch outweighs march music.

Besides elsewhere for mood songs typical themes like love and alcohol, they are "menschelnde" issues that make up the character of the Rhineland carnival songs: the cohesion Veedel, the integration of foreigners, and always love for the Rhine country and its history. Suffering and death are not spared, little human weaknesses are sung lovely and charming ("Big Girl", Höhner). In addition to "current" Carnival hits and the "evergreens" from the last years play still quite old and many traditional songs are a great role, which in particular at the traditional carnival and the official meeting - from brass bands - geprä ; GIVE parades noticeable. The indestructible songs from the first half 20th Century included an Krätzchen Willi Ostermann, August Batzer, Karl and Gerhard Berbu Jussenhoven, just to name a few.

Most people make the below bands not only carnival music but are open all year outside of the carnival season on the road.

The different days of the carnival week

Although the carnival season on 11 11th last year begins, the so-called carnival week, the wedding of the Carnival season in Kölsch Fasteleer . It is also called the time of the street carnival, because it constantly costumed carnival Jecke may encounter on the streets, join 'wild' and calls for "Bütz" are allowed.

Thursday (Women's Carnival)

At Women's Carnival (kölsch: Wiever Fastelovend ) begins at 11 clock 11 of the official street carnival and the main event with the mayor of Cologne and the Cologne trio found in usually on the Alter Markt in Cologne's city instead. In many neighborhoods of Cologne (called Veedels) other parties related to the opening Carnival of the road instead, most notably in Cologne-Knacks (Wilhelm Platz), Cologne-Ehrenfeld (before the District Town Hall) and in the southern city center of Cologne (in the church of St. Severin at Severinstraße e).

Many companies organize to Weiberfastnacht own carnival sessions, including for example the Cologne publisher M. DuMont, the insurance company Gerling and beverage company Coca-Cola. Authorities, companies, departments, businesses remain closed or partially to make earlier, as many clubs, Round tables, friends and individuals come together to celebrate.

Already in the early morning, the crowds flock to the Old Town and the Southern City, where the revelers party until late into the night, whereas stop off in most neighborhoods in the early evening calm. Popular is the custom throughout the day, cut in which the "Jeck Wiever" (the crazy women) the men's tie. Generally, the women heard the Thursday, so the name Women's Carnival.

Traditionally held at the Women's Carnival "Reiter Corps in January of value of 1925 e. V. "to be" Spell ahn Vringspooz d'r "(play on the Severinstorburg); to clock 14.30, the corps takes the square in front of the Torburg Chlodwigplatz and plays the legend of" Jan un Griet "section. Then the cavalry corps moves from Clovis place in Cologne's old town to the "Old Market", accompanied by numerous carnival clubs. This train is traditionally the first carnival in every session.

Carnival Friday

Until a few years of Carnival Friday virtually "free", was celebrated course always been on numerous carnival sessions. But for more than ten years, the carnival Friday with the "protest march of the Cologne Veedel clubs" a great event, again on the "Old Market" in downtown Cologne. The participating groups Veedelszöch Cologne (Kölner Schull-un of the Veedelszöch) pulling it from the surrounding areas to the "Old Market", there is a varied program on the performances of many Karnevalskü ; artists celebrated until late into the evening.

carnival Saturday

place early in the morning at Cologne Neumarkt the radio bivouac of the "rut Kölsche spark Wiess vun 1823 e. V." instead. This event will be called "radio bars" (Kölsch-rods on each of which is the current session medal pictured) sold for 5.00 €. These glasses can be during the event at the beer stands for free then filled with fresh Kölsch. Entry to the Funk camp is also free.

start the afternoon in many parts of the city so-called "Veedelszöch", the carnival parades in Cologne Veedel. In the evening, next to be held since 1991 ghost that runs on alternate routes through the city, this partially hampered traditional hall events, mainly in the large rooms costume balls.

Carnival Sunday (tulips Sunday)

addition to numerous "Veedelszöch" in the districts of Cologne, the largest train in Cologne this among others, will find the famous Kölner Schull-un Veedelszöch instead. These make it a slightly different route than the Cologne Carnival, as in the parallel Gürzenich a big carnival meeting takes place and the artist could not otherwise reach the hall.

come the evening, then again numerous carnival sessions. As the last meeting of each session while carnival starts the "Great Sunday meeting" The size of the KG of 1823 e. V. Always on time at 20.11 clock (most other events start between 19.00 und 20.00 clock).

Rose Monday

The real highlight of the Carnival is on Monday (Rose Monday). Over a million people will line the route of the Cologne Carnival, which runs from Clovis square through the center of Cologne. The resolution is traditionally held in the Moor Street. On this day, almost all shops closed and very few of Cologne have to work.

Shrove Tuesday

celebrate the last day of each session the carnival revelers once more in its suburbs with the numerous "Veedelszöch. The largest carnival parades are held here in the suburbs of Cologne-Mülheim, Cologne-Knacks and Cologne-Ehrenfeld, where each colorfully costumed up to 200,000 revelers to the side of the road sa ; groves. In the evening, then leads to the famous Nubbel combustion. In a straw man (the Nubbel) all of the numerous sins are loaded, which have been committed during the carnival days, and usually at midnight will be under great celebration held in front of many a Kölsch pubs Nubbel combustion. For some years there is a "burning for Nubbel Children "to be held in the afternoon.

Ash Wednesday

"On Ash Wednesday it's all over", as I know altkölsches songs proclaim. However, most carnival companies meet again today to the traditional fish-meal before Lent begins.

The Catholic Cologne to go on Äschermettwoch cheerful en de measurement, in the early Mass they get the traditional ash cross from the sacred "Palm" of last year's Palm Sunday branches burned.

Swabian-Alemannic carnival

The fools in the street parades Swabian-Alemannic carnival wear the traditional Häs and next to the brass bands, there are Guggenmusik. The figures are less military way, but masks are mainly traditional demons, witches and fools and figures and animals. There, too, there are cars that are running often pulled over politics. The meeting is the largest mask Rottweiler fools jump.

Brunswick Carnival Schoduvel

The biggest carnival parade in the north of Germany is held annually on the Sunday before Carnival Monday Carnival held in Braunschweig. The tradition of the Brunswick Schoduvel dates back over 700 years into the past. The term Schoduvel (from Middle Low German Duvel = devil and Scholars - shoo), referred to an old custom of noise, trim and nervous behavior, the evil spirits of the cold, and the risk of death scare. Since 2005, the Carnival parade in Brunswick with the term Schoduvel is connected.

"Hemdklonkerln" at Lake Constance, Basel and Baden Württemberg

Carnival season, closely modeled on the traditional winter and exorcism old Alemannic days can be found in Singapore and with our Swiss neighbors. In the many romantic old towns and around the old university strongholds, you can celebrate in particular, even in old sheets or scary costumes through the streets and to the many private or organized by the university communities Parties . enjoy Similarly, it is in Switzerland. But rather the way that I personally prefer, how to celebrate my studies, "Fassnet. (See Swabian-Alemannic carnival, top).

exist regionally in Germany, the various fools calls. The two best known and most widely used nationwide are certainly "Karneval" and "Alaaf. stretched from the Rhineland to the north and east there is the traditional cry of "Alaaf" initiative, but in Dusseldorf, on the Lower Rhine, the Ruhr and south of Mainz and Würzburg is "Karneval" initiative. Also call in Braunschweig Fools "Brunswick Helau. The Mainz have the reputation of "Karneval" is from Dusseldorf. Also in Westphalia "Karneval" of the popular reputation of regional features are also available here. In mask parades in southern Germany, the mask carrier often call "Narri. The audience at the roadside responds with "Narro".

International

highlight of the carnival in Rio is the parade of Samba schools: From Friday to Tuesday, the nightly parade through the city. The Mardi Gras (Fat Tuesday) is the day of parades of New Orleans and the highlight of the local carnival. The Cortège the Basel carnival will be held on Monday and Wednesday, as the Basler Fasnacht takes place one week after the other carnival, a week after Ash Monday or Ash Wednesday. The processions of the carnival in the French stronghold of Nice start about two weeks before the carnival weekend. Here are the famous Blumencorsi where parade floats flowers at the lake and throw the audience with flowers. Peak and conclusion is the procession on mardi gras with fireworks. World famous is the Carnival in Venice, he begins this Saturday, ie on 16 February. Particularly interesting are the classical mask parades in costumes barroque against the picturesque Venetian Kullisse. The Carnival of Patras in Greece lasts about two weeks and is based on the Orthodox Easter, thus deviates from the Western Carnival dates. The highlight is the big parade on Carnival Sunday. The mask parades in Viareggio Italian place on Shrove Tuesday and held on several Sundays before and after this.

history

In ancient

precursor of the carnival was celebrated 5000 years ago in Mesopotamia, the land with the first urban cultures. An ancient Babylonian inscription from the 3rd Millennium BC are customers that under the priest-king Gudea a seven-day festival has been celebrated and indeed after the New Year as a symbolic marriage of a god. The inscription reads: "No corn is ground on those days. The slave is treated as the mistress and the slave to his master's side. The Mighty and the Low are esteemed. "This is the first time the principle of equality practiced in boisterous festivities und dies ist bis heute ein charakteristisches Merkmal des Karnevals.

In allen Kulturen des Mittelmeerraumes lassen sich ähnliche Feste, die meist mit dem Erwachen der Natur im Frühling in Zusammenhang stehen, nachweisen: In Ägypten feierte man das ausgelassene Fest zu Ehren der Göttin Isis und die Griechen veranstalten es für ihren Gott Dionysos. Die Römer schließlich feierten vom 17. Dezember bis 19. Dezember die Saturnalien zu Ehren ihres Gottes Saturn. Das Fest war verbunden mit einem öffentlichen Gelage, zu dem jedermann aus jeder Gesellschaftsschicht eingeladen war. Hinrichtungen wurden während der Saturnalien stand back. Slaves and masters from time to time exchanged the roles, and celebrated together myrtenbekränzt sat at table, drank and ate to their hearts content, dared any free word and showered with small roses. From roses was possibly the well-known in our days confetti. The Romans also held colorful parades, in which a car was decked vessel went about.

However, in the current research appointments such as Saturnalia and Lupercalia strongly challenged as the source of the carnival traditions. In many masks, figures and have received pre-Christian traditions also appear, such as Celtic rites, which include the change from the cold winter months in the warm and fruitful summer. The winter would have to sell you try by themselves as ghosts, goblins and creepy creatures from nature and disguised with wooden sticks wildly thrashing about or made with a rattle, or ratchet (rattle) noise. Recent research has doubts now, the Germanic theory: it states that no customs and festivals could have survived with a break of several centuries and are therefore of today's carnival as a Christian Laid out.

Germanic theories (so-called continuity assumptions ) had especially during the Nazi economy, but today sometimes still unconsciously always quoted. The skepticism toward all theories that assume a tradition of Germanic or Celtic traditions holds without any break since the Second World War.

It is therefore assumed that similar over several centuries, no celebrations were held the carnival, but in this rather high and late medieval period with Lent.

In Medieval

In medieval Europe, was celebrated - but in churches, not church - "Fools Feste" of 12 Century to the end of the 16th Century to the Epiphaniastag (January 6). Here, the lower clergy took over temporarily rank and privileges of the higher clergy. Religious rituals were parodied, and even a "pseudo-pope was elected on 28 December, on the day of innocent children, often a child was named Bishop, who equaled the roles similar to the "pseudo-Pope." In the form of processions were also the inhabitants the cities involved in the festival. Even during the actual days of carnival fools or asses fairs were widespread.

One of the oldest mention of the carnival found in the chronicle of the town clerk Speyer Christoph Lehmann of 1612 from the old document says: " In 1296 they started a little mischief of carnival time / clerical estate in a number of Burger Schlegerey servants, the clergy supported the worst of which / afterwards the property difficult attached to the Rhat / umb give tten and the wicked punished. "(clergy servants, said the officials of the bishop and the cathedral chapter, to say the cleric, in the Domimmunität)

The medieval carnival is attributed to the Augustinian doctrines of the two-state model. The carnival is bound to provide the civitas diaboli , the state of the devil. Therefore, the carnival was often heretical by the Church tolerated as a didactic example to show that the civitas diaboli like the man is transitory and in the end God is victorious. With Ash Wednesday, the carnival ends, therefore, had to clarify the inevitable return to God. While the church to act with sacrilegious scenes during the carnival was, was a To the celebration of Carnival in the Ash Wednesday into prosecuted severely.
in particular, late 14th and 15 Century was celebrated in the German space carnival, such as the Nuremberg Schembartläufe. About this time also found its way into the fool, the carnival, which was in the didactic purposes of the carnival to point to the transience.

In some carnival - especially in Tirol - is against this background that on Shrove Tuesday night put the "Betzeitläuten" the mask by six clock. Background at this time is the [forward] early Christian tradition, according to the new day begins with nightfall.

In modern times

Since the Reformation abolished the pre-Easter fasting period and thus the Carnival lost its meaning, many customs fell partly into oblivion. To date, the carnival is a symbol of Catholic mentality. While older carnival in southwest Germany, can still be found in Catholic areas, a real carnival led boom in the 1990s, even in Protestant areas of the carnival one. In Switzerland, Basel has a special status: The city celebrates in spite of the prevailing since centuries Protestantism an old, traditional carnival.

In Baroque and Rococo were held mainly at a castle or in the courts of glittering carnival celebrations, which masks the strong Commedia dell'Arte, the Italian inspired.

While increases in urban craft guilds - and in particular the young fellows - to line up the carnival, took in the early 19th Century, especially in the middle Rhine region, the ceremony, as guilds in the late consequences of the French Revolution and the invasion by French troops under Napoleon importance was lost or released. The middle classes celebrated while still foolish masquerade balls, street carnival was almost extinct. Thus, the revival in 1823 in Cologne, founded a new kind of street carnival: the Carnival today.

received, especially in Austria, Switzerland, Alsace, Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg, older forms. Especially in Baden-Württemberg is now therefore distinguish between carnival and Swabian-Alemannic carnival. After the end of the 19th Century had also enforced the Carnival, was after the First World War, a return to the old forms required, which was manifested in the founding of the Association of Swabian-Alemannic Carnival guilds 1924th

prohibited only 1794, the French authorities in Cologne, the Carnival celebrations. Even after the lifting of the ban in 1801 there was a restrictive legislation, saying that anyone who wanted to disguise himself had to ask for permission.

Over the next few years, the carnival was alive again on and around these monsters right way to celebrate Carnival, controlling and directing, there was a "fixed order" effect.

The bourgeois upper class is to celebrate the new species is called into being. On 10 February 1823 was the first Rose Monday in Cologne under the slogan "the hero Coelsch Carnival" took place and was a great success over the old, crude way to celebrate Carnival.

The success of the first Rose Monday procession laid the foundations that regularly from this point on Rose Monday parades were held. The motto of 1824 was the visit of the Princess Venetia, representing the southern carnival.

was responsible for the organization of the 1823 Rose Monday parades established by the Organising Committee. "

During the period of National Socialism carnival was often used for propaganda purposes.

could Elsewhere, the carnival and the carnival establish little, so many customs found themselves in England because of the Reformation of Henry VIII into oblivion, therefore, not been able to consolidate in the U.S.. The only exception is here for historical reasons New Orleans, as already mentioned.

Culinary Traditions

Linked to Carnival and Carnival traditions also about certain dishes, or be consumed only at this time. Just before Lent, especially those containing the ingredients, which are forbidden during Lent. This is true not only for meat but also eggs and fat. The latter can also be derived from many names for carnival days: Thursday and Mardi gras fat, grasso Martedi or Fettisdagen (French or Italian or Swedish for Shrove Tuesday).

fat is concentrated first on high-fat foods, especially pork and bacon which are popular. On the other hand, biscuits, which is fried in fat is. Fat pastries (donuts, donuts, etc.), which is prepared predominantly sweet, is distributed internationally in several variants. Frequently encountered are regional recipes with similar names that are similar but often in the recipe. Another ingredient, which occurs frequently in carnival foods are legumes, especially peas and beans, are regarded as signs of fertility (see also the custom to the Erbsenbär).

Linguistic note

Carnival, Fastelabend, carnival

The word Carnival and its regional variations are mainly in Hesse and the Rhine Hesse, Franconia, Upper Lusatia, the Palatinate, on the Middle Rhine, in Baden, Württemberg, Bayerisch-Schwaben, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and the western parts of Austria (the Alps) were used.

regional states in Mainz Fas (s) enacht , Fasenacht in francs in Switzerland Fasnacht, in Baden, Württemberg and Bavarian Swabia Fasnet , regional and F (a) Asente and Luxembourg Fuesend . Other linguistic forms are Fosnet, Foaset and conclusion, and Fasent (in some places means bathing).

the Low German area of Carnival is called Low German Faslaomt or Faslam - this corresponds to the Faslam in Protestant areas, not what is commonly understood to Carnival. In the Cologne area is in the Cologne dialect also Fastelovend (v) used or end Fasteleer while there in the High German exclusively from Carnival speaks.

is folk etymology, the word carnival often at the Old High German fasta (Lent) and seam (night before) and connected set, the name originally call the day before the start of Lent, from 15 Century the week before. Another folk etymology connects the word "draft" her. The comparison of dialect words is, however, a common form of the word form * fasanaht that refutes this interpretation. The importance of the front gate fasa- remains unclear. seems most likely although a connection to an Indo-European verbal root * pwos- to mean "purify" almost ".

The carnival is in Nazi meaning of the "carnival" that is understood in a liturgical context differed. According to a publication Hans Strobel in various journals in January of 1937, faithful to the system side, a consistent use of the term "Carnival" took place and was used in Austria and Germany.

Carnival

The word carnival appeared in High German as early as the 13th First century in the forms vaschanc and vaschang on . Etymologically derived Fasching, Vaschang forth by the "fast bar", which was the last serving (alcoholic beverages) before the then strict Lent. Alluded to the Middle Low German form vastgang, or the (late) Old Norse form fostugangr for the beginning of Lent. The alignment of words with -ing is much younger.

From Carnival spoken mainly in old Bavaria and Austria (east of the Arlberg) in the Bavarian language area. In Saxony and Brandenburg, there are indeed widespread carnival societies, tradition itself is known regionally However, as a carnival. Also in northern Germany is carnival in many places the dominant term for the carnival days.

Carnival

north is the line Bonn-Erfurt in Germany almost carnival associations, the event is called the other hand, in Saxony and Brandenburg and carnival. Spread refers to the carnival, however, primarily on the Rhenish Carnival (see: Carnival in Cologne, Düsseldorf carnival, carnival Bonn, Eschweiler Karneval, Aachen Carnival, Carnival Neuss, Mönchengladbach Carnival). The origin of the term is not entirely clear The most common assumption is the derivation from the Middle Latin carnelevale ( carne + levare ) than the mean by Lent "Fleischwegphase"; simplicity is the translation of "carne vale" as "meat, farewell "possible. In the 19th

Century to have been the term attributed also to the Roman, pre-Christian Latin carrus navalis , a ship cart, a ship on wheels, with annual parades by the resumption of navigation on the roads should have been done. Whereas it is the tradition of fools ship have formed. However, should other research has shown that the word carrus navalis not exist in classical Latin.

The term Carnival is also in the international language area, but is celebrated very differently. Carnivalesque structures of masking, getting dressed up and ritualized exuberance can be found in all cultures. Known to include the Carnival in Rio, Carnival in Venice Carnival in Quebec, the mid-Lent (Laetare) - Carnival of Stavelot and other Belgian Eastern Districts, as well as in Spain in the Cadiz Carnival. Also in the southern United States there is a strong carnival tradition. One uses here the French name Mardi Gras ( fat Tuesday, Shrove Tuesday ). Developed a completely unique vitality of the Carnival of Latin America.

failures in the history of Cologne, for example, fell from the train since 1823 several times, most recently during the second Gulf War in 1991. In general war, were the main reason for failure. The Franco-German war in 1871 caused empty streets. Also from 1915 to 1926 was due to war and the occupation of the Rhineland no train about. 1940 to 1949, the Second World War and the subsequent banning by the military government were responsible for the failures.

In the second Gulf War in 1991, as has been said elsewhere in sympathy of the Carnival, and for example, the Mainz and Düsseldorf dispensed with the train, and wanted the Cologne Carnival Festival Committee organize a train, some made at the Cologne motto "candy instead of bombs" on the fly on the road. On this occasion, the ghost was reinstated.

grave struggles within the Festival Committee provided 1833, 1844, 1851, 1856 and 1857 for cancellations. The Great Depression halted in 1931 and 1932 train. The revelers in Cologne are generally seen as weatherproof, 1868, the train had to be omitted due to bad weather anyway. A day of mourning for the death of King Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1861 provided for dead streets in Cologne. And the train was even banned in 1830 by the Prussians. The only Carnival on Sunday came about because of the Reichstag elections 1887th

economic factor Carnival

for carnival cities such as Cologne Carnival is an important economic factor. The hotels in the city of the carnival days very well documented, not least because increasingly offered trips to carnival in Cologne, the restaurant experienced a wedding. Due to the popularity and media attention is the Cologne carnival popular with sponsors. Shall be made by automotive companies and individual car dealers cars for the moves, even vehicles are passed to the triumvirate and carnival artists. Due to the large media awareness are the Cologne carnival artists and their hits outside of the carnival season in high demand. As a result, salaries are increasing continuously and it will book for small companies to almost impossible that this in turn means that many smaller clubs can fall carnival due to lack of response from visitors to their meetings in economic difficulties.

Rose Monday parade in Cologne: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41wiTgAKKaI

Carnival meeting http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RiqbR5vdrA

Rose Monday meeting in Cologne: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yrHgv06hss

http://www.daummer.com

What Do I Need If My Radio Is Satellite Ready ?

Alemannic Fasnacht

Because I myself, as already described, not a big fan of the Rhineland carnival am, but find myself more drawn to the Alemannic Fasnacht is, here described to some detail. In many cities like Freiburg, Rottweil, Constance, Basel and Lucerne or Telfs in Austria, for example, one may, in Germany, particularly in Baden Wuerttemberg, or at our Swiss and Austrian neighbors, a very primeval and cheerful bustle foolish - closely modeled on the traditional winter and exorcism old Alemannic days take in a Christianized form. In the many romantic old towns and around the old university strongholds, you can celebrate in particular, even in old sheets or scary costumes through the streets and to the many private or organized by the university communities Parties . enjoy The fools in the street parades Alemannic carnival wear the traditional Häs and next to the bands there are Guggenmusik. The figures are less military way, but are mainly traditional demons, witches and fools and figures Masks and animals. There, too, there are cars that are running often pulled over politics. The meetings are the largest mask Rottweiler Narrensprung, the Basel carnival and the carnival in Lucerne. But rather the way in which I personally prefer, how to celebrate my studies, "Fassnet" ...

Alemannic Fasnacht is very different from the Rhine "Jeck" Carnival. This heart warming and traditional carnival is started in about the way described below. Of course there may be several regional variations. It begins at Monday after Ash Wednesday at 4:00 with the clock Morgestraich. It lasts exactly 72 hours and will end on Thursday morning at 4:00 with the clock Endstraich. During this time the inner cities are dominated by the revelers who move to their cliques in the streets, pubs and shops. Many of the carnival as "the three scheenschte Dääg" (the best three days) is called.

Each of revelers wearing a costume with a mask (mask). Including the face and entire body are covered, the carrier the costume is not visible. It is good form that revelers can not be seen in public. The cliques who, except for Morgestraich and on carnival Tuesday, uniform costumes, most of the "subject" of the clique are adjusted. For the costumes knows the imagination is the limit. Often the larvae of public figures (politicians and other celebrities) are modeled, sometimes cartoon characters or animals. There are also traditional larvae, reminiscent of the French Army of the Napoleonic wars, Harlequins or popular with individuals and cliques car Waggis larvae.

Most striking are the pipers and drummers-cliques. This play their way through the city marches, their piccolos are accompanied by the rhythm of their drums Basel. The inner cities are thus in these three days to the place of the biggest concert of the world Pfeifer. A clique usually consists of a vanguard (space artist), the pipers, drummers and the drum major (drums). The gangs do not follow this specific routes (except Cortège). It is always before me, that the path crosses several cliques. In the case remains a clique and are simply waiting until the other has passed. If you stand as spectators of a clique in the way, one is the vanguard friendly pushed aside.

addition to the whistle-cliques take Guggenmusik-Groups with brass instruments at the carnival. These are not however to be found in Morgestraich, but only in the Cortège on Monday and Wednesday and in the evenings, especially on Tuesday evening at the Guggenheim concerts. Continue attracting many individuals and small groups through the streets. They are called "Schyssdräggziigli" and throwing, for example, dressed as Waggis (Referred to as Basel German Räppli ) "unsuspecting" audience with confetti or stuffing it that sometimes in the jacket.

Most cliques have made for a so-called carnival subject that is presented during the carnival. It is on issues of contemporary history, is practiced in most of those satirical criticism. The subjects are presented in Morgestraich on lanterns. When Cortège are also the costumes and a prop often adapted to the subject. Virtually all gangs also distribute appropriate Zeedel (Handout with ironic verses).

Morgestraich

The Morgestraich on Monday morning at 4:00 clock is the start of Carnival. At this time, the city blacked out completely, clear the city works there, the street lights. The only light comes from the lanterns of the cliques who present to their subjects. Before the cliques is a large, worn up to 3.30 m high Zuglaterne or rolled on a cart. Most assets will also bear a head lamp. In some cliques are the uniform and serve as a recognition of belonging to the clique, as the revelers at Morgestraich traditionally do not wear uniform costumes. This open dress code called Charivari.

On the command "Morgestraich, forward, march" of their drum major, stipulates that the cliques in motion. The first march, played by all the cliques that, while the significant name "Fasnacht". (Guggenmusik play on Morgenstraich no.)

Morgestraich to have the most pubs and inns opened in the city, many of which remain open throughout the 72-hour carnival. The spectators enjoy the traditional carnival food, soup and onion pie or Käsewähe (flat cake with a spicy cheese that is usually eaten warm).

Cortège

Cortège As the carnival parades are called to be held on Monday and Wednesday afternoon through downtown. The parades run on two fixed routes, an inner and an outer, run against each other. The moves do not run, such as the Rose Monday in Cologne and Mainz, from A to B but to circulate, each clique starts at a different location on the route. Here, each clique Although a fixed departure point and a departure time shall, however, place and duration of breaks spontaneously established themselves. Thus, it is therefore no particular order of the cliques, but this changes constantly and is not predictable. Therefore set the Basel because even important that it is precisely not handle a move. (The fact that the commonly used name "Cortège" is nothing but the French word for relocation, is not perceived as a contradiction. Another name often heard is "the route run".)

While the moves also show their most expensive cars Getaway Carnival decorated wagons on which they have implemented their subjects. Of the cars candy and fruit will be distributed to the children and flowers away to girls. However, if you do not "Blaggedde" (plaque) is needed, not to start moving the car, he will expect a charge "Räppli" (confetti).

heard on Tuesday evening, the area around Market Square and the downtown Guggenmusik groups to ensure that their brass instruments in the mood. The Pfeifer groups pull back in time more in the side streets.

remain Groups on their march through the city every now and then want to play for the audience present four to five pieces and then move on. It is not unusual that the groups sometimes go in coffee shops and farms and offer the guests gathered there to serenade.

Children and Family Fasnacht

The Child and Family Carnival will be held on Tuesday. Again, there are parades through the city again, but do not show the cliques in groups, but especially families with their children. Sometimes families who have jointly prepared a car. If the assets come from different cliques, one sees the various larvae (masks) in a heap.

Of the children, especially the little ones, but is not expected that they completely wrap up in heavy costumes. The most common linings in addition to the traditional figures, cowboys, princesses and, more recently, especially in younger children more often animals such as dinosaurs .

lanterns

During Carnival, including the Alemannic region beautiful, self-made lanterns. They are used for parades and exhibitions. From Monday evening to Are Wednesday morning on a course, usually in front of the cathedral, exhibited all the lanterns of the carnival cliques. Especially at night when the lanterns are lit, the Cathedral Square offers an impressive picture.

The exhibition offers visitors and viewers the chance to see peace in the artistically created Zuglaternen and to study the sometimes very sarcastic verses.

cars and props exhibition

also refers to Monday evening last week largely concentrated in the inner city or in the military area, the exhibition of vehicles and props. The whole place is lit up at night with a nice atmosphere. Come to party and there are many parties, or just the restaurants in the old town, in addition to the guest meals and entertainment by Guggenmusik and scavenger banks will be offered. On Tuesday afternoon to take children on a small Waggis car a little ride and will be introduced to the carnival figure "Waggis.

Schnitzel benches

The Schnitzel Bank ("dr Bangg") continues the tradition of her on the street singers at. The Schnitzelbank singers make their ironic to sarcastic, witty manner, with dialect sung texts, in part, accompanied instrumental funny about events of the past year. Do you support post is mostly illustrations, which are presented as panels on a Helgen. One can regard the

Yakko's only in the broadest sense as a counterpart to the deckle Alemannic speech, that are more in the "Zeedel" , the note with the subject matter handled in verse which the Fasnacht cliques at Cortège . distribute

The Schnitzelbank singers come regularly on Monday and Wednesday evenings in the cafes and inns. A lot is heard today, however, on Tuesday, but then only to the clique cellars, the para-gastronomic restaurants of the carnival societies.

alleyways and Gugge

addition to the more or less organized events such as Fasnacht, Cortège exists (parades) and Gugge concerts a free form of the Basel carnival, known as "alleyways and Gugge. This activity will theoretically during the entire 72 hours of Carnival is held, but non-existent during the Morgestraich and Cortège and at the three mornings Carnival de facto (at Morgestraich the cliques are already stretched and not the Guggenmusik allowed on Cortège are committed to virtually all assets, in the mornings will be rested or worked). The most intensive period of alleyways and Gugge is therefore at the three carnival evenings and nights (Thursday to spot at 04.00 clock). In the alleys the clique formations are largely dissolved, revelers of different cliques or not a clique associated revelers take to the smallest, smaller to medium sized organizations and draw drumming and whistling without a fixed itinerary through the streets of the Inner City (hence Gässle). The Guggenmusik usually stay in their formation (due to the different instruments and repertoire can make bad ad hoc new federations) and pull making music through the major streets of the Inner City. From pub to pub on the way and also by the Schnitzelbängg. It should be further meetings are also marauding Waggis, usually with a large bag Räppli (confetti) as standard.

Ändstraich

The "Ändstraich (Endstreich), the end of Carnival. This event will largely unorganized in the last few minutes before 04.00 clock on Thursday morning instead. The assets are returning from the back alleys and unite with their cliques, each clique to another venue in the city selected. One last time, the Association drummed and whistled a march and "Women's Carnival" was adopted. With the stroke of four clock silenced the instruments and the larvae are removed.

Räppli (Confetti) throw

After the presentations, the local historian Räppli throwing a typical Basle tradition that has spread from there. While this is not conclusive, however, be frittered away in Basel during the three best days far more than Räppli such as Mainz and Cologne.

As confetti (small sweets) were originally called sugar pills, which were distributed to the parades and thrown into the crowd. However, this was the 19th Century prohibited. Until this ban was in lieu of confetti, the use of chaff usual. As a substitute they retrenched Papierschnippsel. In Basel-German by the way one speaks of "Räppli. As a viewer, one must always be on guard that we do not swamped with revelers by a Räppli or even "stuffed" (large amounts of confetti are applied under the clothing) is. There is an unwritten rule that active revelers (in costume and mask) Räppli not be switched on. As a popular destination but are viewers who do not wear badges.

on the routes of the Cortège Räppli cover the ground in the evening centimeters high. It is quite impressive that each of the next morning, the sanitation department where the paper turned around and driven away, has it that one hardly sees.

are often sold in bags only solid Räppli. This is for hygienic reasons, to prevent the lifting of Räppli from the ground on which mix the colors. Who raises, however, mixed-color Räppli, she has picked up and it can also be punished.

The Carnival in Lucerne, as opposed to the Basel competition to the big bang a big shower of confetti, the so-called "Fötzeliräge" rain down in which exploding sacks over the crowd snippets of newspaper can be.

lanterns (back) tuning in

(whistling into lanterns) The "Ladärnli yynepfyffe" takes place on Sunday evening before the carnival. Here, the (mostly) still shrouded lights from the studio, where they were made to be worn at the start dropping off carnival in central city or moved. while they are accompanied by Pfeifer and inner pipes. The drummers (drummer) leave on this occasion their drums at home.

adopt lanterns

The (leave lanterns) Ladärnli Verabschiide "takes place at night on Thursday of the carnival. Here, a clique-specific ritual is played out. Most of the whole clique forms a circle around their Ladärne (lantern) and voiced the Wettstein March, the Tagwacht, the retreat, the Basler Marsch, "le lancer" or some other composition. During the lecture, the lights inside the lantern slowly be erased. In most cases, this ritual takes place at exactly 4.00 clock at the end of Carnival, but sometimes earlier in the course of the evening, and the respective normally before the local pub.

Kulturelles

Charakteristisch ist die Vermummung der Teilnehmer mit Larven oder auch Schemmen (Masken), die meist aus Holz, in Ausnahmefällen aber auch aus Stoff, Papier, Ton, Blech oder Draht (sog. Drahtgaze ) bestehen. Die Kostümträger (in schwäbisch-alemannischen Gebieten Hästräger ) wechseln ihre Verkleidung ( Häs ) nicht von Jahr zu Jahr, sondern behalten sie immer bei. In manchen Gegenden ist es sogar üblich, sie über Generationen zu vererben.

In den meisten Orten des schwäbisch-alemannischen Raumes finden die first carnival events after the Christmas festivities on 6 January, Epiphany instead. There are also places where it's like Rhenish Carnival usual, the celebrations on 11 November start. According to tradition are the schemes of the Epiphany (larvae) dusted. From then on, "goht's degege," it held the first events and parades. The actual carnival begins, however, only with the Dunnschtig loud wake (the Thursday before Ash Wednesday), the highlight of the carnival. From that day on, more parades and events, and there are specialty such as carnival fritters cooked.

applies to the carnival beginning many Swabian-Alemannic Fools as a key differentiator for the carnival. Many see in the 6th January, the original date. Recent research agrees with this approach, however. Similar to the Mardi Gras begins on 11 November, a forty-day, pre-Christmas Lent. On St. Martin, therefore, similar traditions are observed, as during the carnival days. At the beginning of carnival season, the 11 developed 11. but only with the advent of Carnival in the 19 Century. Finally, would have a carnival that would have moved across the Advent and Christmas, the meaning of these days perfectly opposed.

The beginning of the Shrovetide season is celebrated loudly in many places. In Überlingen, Weingarten and Mark village fast the fools with their whip, in Rottweil klepfen the boys in the streets with a truck driver whip and cause a distinctive crack of the whip. In Villingen, the bells of the Haser, called roles, so long shaken by a loud noise until it is certain that not even the small dust grains neste everything in it is. In general you put on 6 January emphasis on cleanliness. In the area of the upper Neckar go black rebound tails from house to house to rid the mothballed like costumes from the dirt. undergo in Rottenburg am Neckar witches guests and furnishings of the inns of a similar treatment. At the same time, the carnival mask and Immendingen Möhringen a place of honor in the living room replaced. But the fools Schramberger your show deference to the motley, bless it by solemnly "I greet you elegant dress of the fool. If now emerged from years of your stay. And fill you with joy the great and small. You had consecrated the carnival in the 20th year of grace. ".

The most important part of the festivities on and in the period after 6 However, the social meetings in January to play the fool. Is promulgated in Bonn and Bad Saulgau village at public meetings, the program of the coming carnival, and in other places such as church or forest to get there together Löffingen fools meetings, and last organizational details to be clarified. are by far the most popular but in recent decades the fools meetings, large gatherings of thousands of fools that take place in the weeks following Epiphany almost every weekend at different locations. on

Candlemas

The fortieth day after Christmas, Candlemas second February, takes the number of carnival events in all locations again rising sharply. Almost everywhere, from that day Masch happy (Swabia), Straehle (Villingen), purring (Black Forest), Welschen (Schomberg), panting (Oberndorf) or reciting usual. Dabei werden bemerkenswerte Ereignisse des vergangenen Jahres von den Narren aufgegriffen und den Bürgern in unterhaltsamer Form dargeboten. Früher war man dazu maskiert und es waren verschiedenste Darstellungsformen üblich, beispielsweise die Moritat. Auch wurden die Taten der Mitbürger häufig in kleinerem Rahmen oder am Straßenrand glossiert. Heute hingegen finden sich die Menschen meist zu festgesetzten Zeiten in den Gaststätten eines Ortes zusammen und die Narren ziehen unmaskiert in Gruppen von Wirtshaus zu Wirtshaus. Als Darstellungsform werden häufig Vierzeiler gewählt, die durch einige Lieder ergänzt werden.

Auch if the Swabian-Alemannic carnival is essentially a road and inn carnival is light measurement begins with a brief period of hall events. Often the local clubs with their own balls to make their contribution to the carnival season.

Wednesday before Carnival

Originally, the Wednesday before Mardi Gras is not a traditional feast day of the Swabian-Alemannic Fools. Especially in the evening hours in the postwar period but established customs, that the actual carnival will kick off time. This includes the exclamations or Search the carnival in the Black Forest, as well as the invocation or mask the well cleaning in Upper Swabia.

down the carnival Tuesday

Shrove Tuesday is the day (or night) before the start of Lent, which begins on Ash Wednesday. The date of Ash Wednesday is 46 days before Easter Sunday is celebrated on the first Sunday after the first full moon in spring.

The date of Easter derives from the Jewish Passover festival, commemorating the exodus of Jews from Egypt to the Jewish lunar calendar, always on 14 Nissan, so the 14th Day after the first new moon in spring celebrated and that was cause for Christ's crucifixion at the time, it was determined that the date of Easter always takes place on a Sunday.

Spring starts in the Gregorian calendar, introduced in 1582, basically on 21 March. It follows for the Easter Sunday the 22nd March as the earliest possible date, the 25th April as the latest. Thus, the time of the carnival on the calendar varies within a span of 35 days. Before Easter Sunday, Lent lasts 40 days. This one came on Tuesday in the 6th Week before Easter. After the Council of Benevento (1091) were also the Sundays of Lent are excluded and the beginning of Lent, therefore, brought forward six days on the Wednesday the 7th Week before Easter, Ash Wednesday. The earliest date for Ash Wednesday is thus the 4th February.

The old carnival

After the reform by the Council of Benevento, which is the date of the beginning of Lent was brought forward by six days, but remained still the original date (the Tuesday in the 6th week before Easter) in memory, especially in some rural areas, and in Protestant areas not recognized by this council decisions. Here, the carnival that is still almost a week later celebrated on Monday. These customs have been preserved as "old carnival" or "peasant carnival" to this day. Often then, the carnival was celebrated twice, which was then called to distinguish the peasant carnival the first, ending on Shrove Aschmittwoch Gent or Pfaff carnival. Examples of the "old carnival" is the "radio Sunday," the Hirschmentig in Furtwangen or the date of the Basler Fasnacht.

history

origins in medieval and early modern period

As the Rhenish Carnival has used up the Swabian-Alemannic carnival originated in celebrations that served to perishable foods before the start of Lent. These events are for all of Central Europe by the 13th Century proved. However, these were not comparable with today's carnival and regionally highly variable.

addition to excessive food consumption were from 14 Century customs such as dances, parades and carnival games usual. Here, too, food, first played a central role, such as the Schembartläufen, the carnival parades in Nuremberg guilds, especially in the late 15 and the early 16th Century economy had. Metzger also dances from other cities are full, at which the dancing butchers clung to sausage rings for cleaning.

After a theory of Munich folklorist Dietz-Rüdiger Moser moth, the contrast between the almost eight worldly pleasures and the wealth deprivation of Lent, but increasingly also interpreted theologically. brought in connection with the Augustinian doctrines of the two-state model, the carnival was soon the vicious state "civitas diaboli" equated, Lent but with the City of God "City of God". From this way of thinking out devils or demons could have developed as early carnival figures. Another central figure in the former carnival, the jester, was seen as the epitome of transience, alienation from God and death. While the research proceeded until the 1980s assumed that the carnival has a non-Christian origin, it is now agreed that the existence of the church necessary condition for the emergence of the carnival. It is also certain that was in the carnival often practiced criticism of government and church, which is not rarely led to bans carnival.

accounted for the Reformation in the Reformed areas not only during Lent, they also made the Carnival celebration in many parts of central Europe to an end. However, the custom was in some Protestant communities for some time. The Basler Fasnacht is often assumed, to celebrate their carnival later date due to the Reformation (called Bauer Carnival ) than the rest of the Swabian-Alemannic variety. This is however based on a decision of the Church in the 11th Century, do not count the Sundays of Lent as a fast day. Thus, the Ash Wednesday postponed by six days in the direction Beginning of the year. The Basel (and some other place), however, clung to the old one.

date was the picture of the Carnival of relatively simple shaped panels. With the advent of the Baroque period it was in the 17th Century to a significant enhancement and refinement of carnival figures. This is particularly true for the used masks that now instead of the current were carved out of clay or paper made from wood. Added to this was a distinct Italian influence, basing on the Commedia dell'Arte.

The Carnival and the loss thereof

Despite the appreciation of Baroque carnival came in the wake of the Enlightenment to the Reputation as a primitive, long-obsolete practice to be even older. According to this view have been abandoned in many places celebrations or even banned. That changed when started encouraged by the romance to develop the carnival. Starting from cities such as Cologne, where instead of the craftsmen, the educated middle class host the carnival (for now Cologne 1823) began, he quickly established itself in Central Europe, including in southwestern Germany. The original carnival existed a parallel, but was pushed back more and more.

until the end of the 19th Century came here separates the old ways again. Thus gave the example in Rottweil Narrensprung of 1903 cause to rethink, to be no longer than seven fools attended. Especially in the middle-class and rural districts of the Swabian-Alemannic area they felt patronized by the educated middle class dominated by the carnival and remembered, the trend of the times following, to the old traditions, Back to return ck. In the following years a number of blank old fools guilds have been founded.

development for today's carnival

beginning of the 20th Century began to fool the fools in guilds to organize associations and 1924, the Association of Swabian-Alemannic Carnival guilds (VSAN) was founded. Made it essential that national umbrella organization, the uncertain political situation and the numerous Carnival bans. Now they wanted to represent the interests of the fool to the policy offensive.

also starred in the care and preservation of their own traditions committed what is today the main task of the association. In the period following its establishment, the VSAN received such a large audience, that soon a hiring freeze for new members had to be pronounced. To date, the VSAN rarely takes on new members, paying regard as a Justification particular recording a historic tradition as a basis. It was soon to create new associations like the Association of the Upper Rhine fools guilds (1937) or the fool Association Hegau-Lake (1959). This shaft holds up well in our days still. The reasons for this is the introduction of so-called fool's meeting. Until the 20th Century, carnival was a purely local matter, and was celebrated exclusively where they live. The VSAN and its sister organizations have enabled the fool now, to meet with each other outside the ancestral village. 1928 was the first fool meeting in Freiburg. Today, their number and size has increased so that the fools meetings must be now considered even as a threat to the traditional-permanent carnival. Thus, there are now corporations, only fools go to meetings and not know Ortsverwurzelung more. In particular, the VSAN has therefore decided to limit such meeting strong. The growing popularity of the meeting does this fool still not diminish.

parallel to organizational restructuring of the fools guild since the beginning of the 20th Century, numerous carnival figures redesigned. Only a few carnival were actually received historical Häser that could be worn in the new century almost unchanged. Much more often single or Hästeile larvae were present, which could not assign more readily, but were now combined in new figures. There were frequent but also the complete redevelopment of Hästrägergruppen. 1933, in Offenburg the Witches' Guild, based on a mixture of fairy tale and was based medieval witch, and did a witch, the carnival to a popular character of the Swabian-Alemannic carnival. However, there were much earlier carnival witch, 18 so in Tyrol since the Century. The old hag was not in the carnival is unknown, we are often subjected to since the Middle Ages to men women clothes for free to drive by the motto turvy world of carnival mischief. New, however, was the witch with a wooden mask, as an independent figure. Without precedent since then the number of their imitators. The growing prosperity in the postwar period saw a rapid growth of the fools guild, which have now also increasingly re-established in places that previously did not know any carnival tradition. Since the early 90s, there is a real boom in these new towns. For example, in the Swabian-Alemannic region become independent even in tight places carnival. No carnival figure benefited from this more than the witch. Their popularity makes for so long been a headache for the managers of the customs agencies, but they see through them the traditional carnival at risk similar with the prevalence of fools meeting. But the long-established guilds fools benefited in the postwar period to a high degree of increasing interest in their customs and rapidly increasing membership. Especially the operation carried out since the 90's television broadcast of the meeting of fools VSAN reached an audience of millions. An end to growth is in sight.

figures in the Swabian-Alemannic carnival

The number Alemannic carnival figures is now so vast. They usually occur during the events in figure types to separate, homogenous groups. Occasionally there are also Hästrägergruppen arising from different types of figures . Composed Most of these operate with each other then. Very popular here is the driver location in which a feral is chastised by several, equipped with whips is traditional. Examples of these are from the Fastnetsbutzerössle Weingarten, the Brieler Rößle from Rottweil or Werner's ass from Bad Waldsee. In many areas there are also single characters that often play a central role in the carnival of the particular place. Frequently originated from them over time whole figure families whose members have different characteristics and functions For example, the Gole Riedlingen.

Although in recent decades, many new Häsarten incurred, can allocate almost all specific types. Younger guilds are based mostly on that developed in post-war pattern, even if the following classification may be seen too closely.

devil figures

devil figures are likely among the oldest characters. Some Kleidle are hundreds of years old. For example, the Elzach Schuttig a devil figure who was in the Middle Black Forest originally disseminated widely. Today, more Devil is often called the single figure, the role of a witch, for example in the Offenburg witch craft. Triberg carnival is dominated by a devil figure in the 19th Century was created.

fools

fools are probably about as old and occur today in many different variants. On the white fools Baar are common. One of the oldest such carnival figures of Narro is one of Villingen as "the aristocrat Alemannic carnival" or the Hansel from Donaueschingen, and Hüfingen Bräunlingen. The Rottweiler bite and its counterpart in Gschell have an equally long tradition. White fools are represented by men and some fools jump during a partner with him, though this is usually not masked, and as in the case of Gretl from Donaueschingen with a simple dress. The ports of White fool consists of a white linen robe, which is elaborately painted or embroidered.

Compared with the baroque elegance of the white fools see Blätzle, Spättle- or Flecklenarren sometimes a bit rough from what is not least because it Häs is composed of old rags. Of course, these Häser with increasing wealth have been made much more difficult. Thus, the individual pieces of cloth in many guilds now umstickt by hand. In Spättlenarren there has been a different regional development. Wearing the traditional fools of Lake Constance and Upper Swabia region such as the Blätzlebuebe from Constance and Überlingen Hansel fabric masks are mainly in Black Forest fools in Furtwangen, or Offenburg Gengenbach wood larvae usual.

are a special feature of Spättlehansel Wolfach equipped as the only Hästrägergruppe in the Swabian-Alemannic region with a metal mask with movable lower jaw. In the border town of Laufen Castle on the Upper Rhine has been developed with the Narro-Altfischerzunft for centuries one Blätzlezunft with an almost aristocratic self-image, which also has the oldest, currently known wood larva in southwest Germany.

How much learned the Flecklenarren during the Baroque a strong refinement and it established the Frans fools as they are now found in Schomberg, or Rottweil.

Starting from Italy and is connected with the triumph of the carnival came in the 18th and 19 Century of Bajazzo on. One of the oldest such figures are likely to influence the Wolfach Rosle and Schell Hansele belong.

Almost all fools who attributes to himself, such as bells, the bladder of a pig, or mirror.

Wilde people

Compared with the other carnival characters were savage people relatively easy for farmers to produce and therefore very popular over the centuries. Häs you made from raw materials that exist on the land in abundance waren.Die primitive costumes of pine branches or Stoh. For example, originated straw bears, as they still are common in Wilflingen and Empfingen. Your Häs consists mainly of straw on plating or finishing is omitted entirely.

This is one reason for the lack of popularity of the savage people in our time, probably connected with the fact that the used Materials today are no longer so easy to get, particularly as a Häs only one season can be used and then made anew. In singing, the group has developed the Hoorige bear bears out of a straw, but is now sewn Häs can be reused from year to year and has a wooden mask. The same applies to the Welschkornnarro from Zell am Harmersbach. The nutshell Hansele from Wolfach form another type of wild man. Instead of straw is its Häs with over 3,000 nutshell halves sewn.

Waggis

The Waggis is actually a traditional mask the Basler Fasnacht, which is an Alsatian day laborers in the work of the Alsatian costume represent vegetable growers: blue shirt, white trousers, red tie, white collar, (too) large wooden shoes and sometimes a stocking cap. Traditional accessories are the cockade in the colors of the French flag (blue-white-red) and a string bag of vegetables, possibly also a huge bone or other clubs. The original red nose held as the excessive consumption of wine satirised out.

is from the original only to emphasize a point slightly enlarged nose in the meantime become a veritable monster, so that the larva of the present quasi Waggis is a parody of the parody. The Waggis is a gross habit and as such is supported more by car and cliques of individual larvae. Also for the children Waggis is often selected. For the drummers and pipers Waggislarve is rather unusual.

Maschke

Some Places along the Danube, such as in Ehingen and especially Munderkingen you meet in bars or on the street some fool or small groups that present themselves are uneven and masked ( Maschke hochdt. I, the Masked ). Under the mask are traditionally mostly women that occur with a motto. Usual, small gifts, so-called Kromet (originally souvenir market) that is distributed to most passers unmasked. Exist, most only fool figures since the introduction of by clubs organized Carnival, the mash is essentially the role of a non-organized addition to organized fools driving , whose tradition dates back centuries. could

legendary figures

However, there is a large part of the newly created post-war carnival figures probably also attributed the savage people, but they appear to frequently accordingly. Often, these are but to legendary figures that allude to local stories or events. Most of the younger guilds embed your newly created characters into a local tradition by bringing them to a legend in context.

witches

same also often for witches, which were already discussed in detail. There

Unescaped figureheads

Also certain groups and figures, which are traditionally unmasked. encountered many cases, soldiers or police figures. In addition to the masked groups and figures given are often figureheads such as the Carnival and Carnival Vatter mother of Mark village, unmasked the Bräutelgruppe from Sigmaringen or Trommgesellen from Munderkingen with their drummers and pipers, and the well jumpers. Especially after 1945, the figure of the guild master and guild councils have spread the in modern times for almost every Fasnachtsort have become mandatory.

Guggenmusik:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gzC9tTI3s90 , http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMEU5-dYohk ,

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VyUIBxdsccA


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